ADDENDA

The printing being already finished, there were communicated to me some annotations and observations, by the zeal and kindness of that distinguished man the lord abbot Terribilini, which I judged should be added to the work in this place, lest I should defraud readers of the benefit of them.

That learned man holds, then, in the first place, that Damasus was born at Rome, and he uses to confirm this opinion the same reasons which I have touched on. He observes also that there are many ancient writers, mentioned by Sarazani and 417Cby Coustant, who treat of that pontiff and praise him: but that among them there is not so much as one who called him a Spaniard before the Catalogue of the Roman Pontiffs, which they say was compiled under Felix IV, or Anastasius, by whom they think that Catalogue was copied out — but he judges that the authority of neither of these writers is great. He then brings forward more recent authors from that renowned nation, and says that they rest on no solid foundation, and moreover fight among themselves about the place; lastly, from the Breviary of Évora printed in the year 1548, he copies out the collect and the lessons appointed for the Feast of St. Damasus. Here, then, in this place, is the whole of it gathered together.

• 417D

Collect. --Thy mercy, O Lord, we beseech thee, mercifully bestow upon us, by the intercession of thy blessed confessor and pontiff Damasus: and be favorable to our offenses by his prayers. P.

Lesson I. --Blessed Damasus, the first of this name, a Spaniard by nation, of Guimarães by native place, from the province of Braga, his father being Antonius, succeeded in the pontificate — according to Jerome in the Ecclesiastical History — Liberius, but according to others Felix II, in the year of the Lord 369, under the emperors Valentinian and Valens. He sat eighteen years, two months, ten days. T.

Lesson II. --But Ursicinus, or, as others read, 418BUrsinus, a deacon of the Roman Church, not bearing that Damasus was preferred before him, broke out into such madness that, having persuaded a certain unskilled and rustic bishop, and having gathered a band of turbulent and seditious men, he extorted for himself to be made bishop in the basilica which is called Sicininus, the laws, the order, and the tradition being overthrown. And so, since the matter was carried on not only by votes but also by force and arms, many fell on both sides. Ammianus Marcellinus, a historian of that time, relates that the bodies of one hundred and thirty-seven men slain in one day were found in the basilica of Sicininus. 418CAt length, by the consent of the priests and the people, Damasus was confirmed; and Ursicinus was cast out of the City and transferred to the Church of Naples. T.

Lesson III. --But Damasus, accused of adultery through envy, cleared himself in a synod held before forty-four bishops; by whom he was acquitted as innocent, and his accusers, the deacons Concordius and Callixtus, were condemned and cast out of the Church. Certainly blessed Jerome, in the letter to Pammachius, calls him not only an excellent man and learned in the Scriptures, but a virgin also, and the teacher of a virgin Church. T.

Lesson IV. --At last, the Church being at peace, Damasus, delighting in literary leisure, wrote the Lives of all the Pontiffs 418Dwho had been before him, and sent them to Jerome; and when, searching out many bodies of the saints, he had found them, he adorned their tombs with verses. For he had an elegant talent in composing verses. He composed many short works in heroic verse, and likewise many Letters. T.

Lesson V. --He greatly increased the temples and the divine worship. For he built two basilicas, and dedicated the one beside the theater, the other on the Ardeatine Way, at the catacombs; and he adorned with verses, for the memory of posterity, the Platonia, where the bodies of the apostles Peter and Paul had once lain, and the bodies of the saints buried in that place. T.

Lesson VI. --And the basilica which he had founded in honor of Saint Lawrence not far from the theater of Pompey, 419Ahe adorned with the greatest gifts: a silver dish of twenty pounds' weight, a silver bucket of fifteen pounds, an embossed silver cup of ten pounds; five silver chalices, five silver crowns. He gave also as a gift the houses set about the basilica, and likewise the Papyrian estate in the territory of Ferentinum, and the Antonian estate, and the baths set not far from the temple. T.

Lesson VII. --He, a council having been held at Rome, condemned for heresy Apollinaris of Laodicea and Timothy his disciple: as we read in the Letter sent by him to the bishops of the East. We read also his other synodal letters: as to the bishops throughout Illyricum, and to Paulinus bishop of Thessalonica, against various heresies. He appointed that the psalms should be sung in the Church by turns day and night, 419Bthe choir being divided into two parts, and that at the end of the psalms there should be sung, Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit. He commanded also that at the beginning of the celebration of Masses the confession should be said. T.

Lesson VIII. --At his instance also Jerome corrected the psalter according to the seventy translators, and divided it by vigils: to whose writings Damasus first gave authority. For then the Bibles of Jerome began to be read, whereas before the writings of the seventy translators alone were held in esteem. Tu.

Lesson IX. --He held ordinations five times, in which he created thirty-one priests, eleven deacons, and bishops in various places to the number of sixty-two. He died at the age of eighty, on the third of the Ides of 419CDecember, in the second year of Arcadius Augustus. He was buried in his own basilica on the Ardeatine Way, beside his mother and his sister, and the pontificate was vacant thirty-one days. Tu.

The Breviary of the divine offices, according to the rite of the holy Church of Évora, once more emended, corrected, altered, and now made far more orderly and elegant, by the command and authority of the most reverend Father in Christ and most illustrious prince and lord, the lord Henry, cardinal of the Holy Roman Church of the title of the Four Crowned Saints, Infante of Portugal, 419Dand first archbishop of that same Church.

AT LISBON, at the shop of LUÍS RODRIGUES, bookseller, royal printer, in the year from the birth of Christ one thousand five hundred and forty-eight, in the month of April.

Lucius Marineus Siculus, On the Affairs of Hisqaniae, Book II, p. 309, printed at Frankfurt 1603 (edit. 2, nam prima prodiit anno 1552), has these words about the town of Madrid:

Which by some is called Madritum, by others Majoritum. In its circuit we counted towers, eight and vigniti above a hundred. It is moreover most happy in the merits of Saint Damasus, the supreme pontiff, who 420Ais said by many to have been a MAN OF MAJORITUM. It has even now as its foster son a most holy man by the name of Isidore, who was a husbandman.

From the Chronicle of Spain of Joannes Vasaeus of Bruges, which was printed together with Marineus in the same types at Frankfurt, I have copied these words from p. 653:

Saint Damasus is ordained Roman pontiff, etc. He was born in VIMARANES, a town of Portugal, between the Douro and the Minho, three leagues from Braga Augusta, as the Church of Braga sings. See the BREVIARY of Évora, restored to its own brightness by RESENDE.

Ibid., p. 656:

Pope Damasus, etc. Pedro Antonio Beuter says that he was a man of TARRAGONA; Marineus Siculus enrolls him as a citizen of MADRID. But many Churches of Spain, as we have said, 420Baffirm that he was a man of VIMARANES.

In volume II of Hispania Illustrata, in the cited edition, Frankfurt 1603, there is an apologetic account of the Academies and learned men of Spain, by Alfonso García, of Matamoros of Seville, who first published this little work in the year 1553; and there, on p. 809, one reads:

There went before them in age Osius of Córdoba; and that unique light of Jerome, Damasus OF MADRID — if indeed any credit is owed without shame to Lucius Siculus, who from MANTUA calls him a CARPETANIAN.

In the same volume II of Hispania Illustrata there stands the First Reply of Andrés de Resende (he is the author of the Lessons of the Breviary of Évora) to Bartolomé Quevedo, priest of the Church of Toledo, in which I read thus, on p. 1004:

The river Viscella, in Portuguese called VIZELLA, enters the Ave, 420Ca river of greater fame, a little below the monument of Nerva Trajan Caesar, which still endures on the very bank of the Ave. Between the confluences of these rivers is the city of VIMARANES, once the native country of the holy pontiff Damasus, if it might be allowed by your people. And yet it is not yet ten years since there appeared the book of Onofrio of Verona, that most diligent man, On the Roman Pontiffs, composed most accurately after all the churches, archives, and libraries of the City had been searched through. He makes him thoroughly a Lusitanian, and a man of IGAEDIS. SAINT, he says, DAMASUS, SON OF ANTONIUS, OF EGITANIA, A LUSITANIAN SPANIARD. But I have followed the ancient Codex of the Church of ÉVORA, when I inserted his life into the BREVIARY.

Pedro Antonio Beuter, a Valencian by native place, published a Chronicle of Spain, worked out in the Valencian tongue, 420Dwhich so far I have not seen; but in the year 1604 he printed his Chronicle again, translated too from Valencian into the Castilian speech, with this title: First part of the General Chronicle of all Spain, and especially of the kingdom of Valencia, etc. Printed at Valencia 1604. There, in chapter 25 of Book I, p. 146, one reads:

Afterward Julian the Apostate was the thirty-sixth emperor, in the year three hundred and sixty-five, and he stirred up a persecution against the Church: but when he died, it soon ceased. The POPE WAS DAMASUS, A NATIVE OF TARRAGONA. There followed Valentinian and Valens, and after them Gratian and Valens. And there followed the great Theodosius, born and reared in Spain.

Enrique Flórez, a Spaniard, foster son and master 421Aof the Augustinian family, in volume IV of the work entitled España Sagrada, treatise 6, last chapter, fol. 308, the Madrid edition, of the year 1751, treating of the saints of Toledo, has these words:

ST. DAMASUS, whom some make a native of Madrid, and therefore of the diocese of Toledo: but we reserve him for another place which we judge very fitting, so as not to depend on any particular opinion; and then it will be seen whether he was A SPANIARD.

From the Life of Blessed Gonsalvus of Amarante, of the Order of Preachers, written by Friar Diogo do Rosário, by the command of Friar Bartolomeu dos Mártires, archbishop of Braga, in the Bollandists, at the 10th day of January, no. 3, p. 641, the Venice edition:

In the district, therefore, of this metropolitan see (of Braga) . . . . . in which of old the divine Damasus also, sprung from the town of VIMARANES, etc.

• 421B

On poem IX, On the Catacombs of the Holy Apostles, he does not doubt that the blessed Apostles at one time dwelt in them, as Damasus says — that is, were placed there; but he conjectures that they were carried thither immediately from the martyrdom itself, and were laid there, otherwise than others hold, who write that blessed Peter was buried at the foot of the Vatican, and blessed Paul on the Ostian Way. But he thinks they were translated from the Catacombs to the place of their passion long before the pontificate of Cornelius and Xystus, because Caius, a Roman priest, before the second century had yet run out, writes that the trophies of the Apostles met the religious devotion of the Christians on the Vatican and on the Ostian Way. For my own part I shall not touch this question, which men far more learned have scarcely disentangled to this day. I will add only this: that I can perceive no reason why that Damasian little verse, of which I gave warning in the notes, ought not to express that marvelous deed 421Cwhich Gregory the Great relates. If, therefore, there is anyone who does not judge so, let him assign to the same passage, I ask, some other meaning equally apt. Let him declare also to what good purpose Damasus warned us thus in another, earlier little verse: The East sent the disciples — which we willingly grant, Or could this perhaps ever have been unknown? But if the men of the East did not take pains to seize for themselves and lay claim to the trophies of the blessed Apostles, let him bring forward some reason why Rome rather deserved to defend her own citizens; and let him show also what other force this same word defend has. I know that Pearson, at the year 258, no. 2, rashly wrote that the History which Gregory relates is worthy of no credit. But let that be permitted to him alone, and to such as he.

On poem X. The poem which I set out in that place from the Palatine codex of Gruter, and judged could be fitted to St. Stephen, Pope and Martyr, the learned man also judges to be the offspring of Damasus; but he conjectures that in it Xystus, Pope and Martyr, is praised, 421Dwhom we know from Cyprian to have been put to death in the cemetery. But the poem itself is against this conjecture, since from it it is plain that Stephen alone then fell a martyr, all the rest, taken with him in the cemetery, being let go unharmed. On the contrary, with Xystus four deacons were slain, and perhaps others, which the learned man himself observes on Poem XXXIII. This poem, therefore, with which we are dealing, suits the former most holy martyr and pontiff rather than the other.

Poem XIII, On Saint Mark the Pope, he supplies thus out of his own wit: Guiltless was the Life of Mark, as we all know Winning in the Love of God, he who could despise the world By his example the People Prayed, that every man might learn Small was the Honor of his Life, great his contempt of possessing 422AAnd skillful Virtue held the inmost chambers of his heart Of justice AE the guardian. The perfect friend of Christ Adorned too by Damasus was the tomb, when he renders honor, etc.

So too in the epitaph of Sisinnius the presbyter, which he thinks was written by the same Damasus, not without probable reason, in Gruter, p. MCLXXIII, no. 9: Here the presbyter Sisinnus wished to lay his limbs, acceptable to all peoples, and a worthy Priest, who knew how to keep the covenants of his holy mother. Winning in the Love of God, he who knew how ever to live, and, content with his own, knew not the hall of the rich man.

On Poem XX, On St. Saturninus. At the beginning of this poem the Palatine codex in Gruter, p. MCLXXI, has thus: Damasus the bishop, servant of God, a cultivator of these martyrs. OLA NUNC FUERAT CRARTA . . . . . CINIS AN . .

So also in Sarazani, See col. 394 of this edition, note [ 2 ] note 20. Then from the same codex, p. MCLXXVI, 422Bhe brings forward these: NUNC XPI FUERAT CHARTAGINIS ANUS

He therefore supplies and reads: Horum martyrum cultor Damasus IncOLA nunc XPI FUERAS Carthaginis, ante.

So the same Damasus, poem XX: By your blood you changed your fatherland, etc. Now a dweller of the Lord.

A likely conjecture, and reading; and if it be kept, the Saturninus with whom this poem deals will be that same man who had been held at Rome under Decius, praised in Cyprian, epp. 20, 21, and afterward a martyr. He observes besides that in the Martyrology of Jerome, and in the Gelasian Sacramentary, at III kal. December, one reads At Rome, of Thraso — that is, in the cemetery — Saturninus, Chrysanthus and Daria, Maurus, and LXXII others. Since, then, Damasus had praised all of them as blessed martyrs, would he have passed over those LXXII unpraised? But because a slip is easy in 422Ccopying out numbers, the distinguished man rightly conjectures that to them belong the little verses which I reported at no. 2 in the Appendix, and that Damasus himself is their author.

For the same reason he thinks that poem XXII, On an uncertain Greek martyr, pertains to St. Hermes, who is known to have been laid in the cemetery of Bassilla, called also that of Hermes, and, as it seems, in nearly the same place as Protus and Hyacinthus. For thus the Anonymous of Mabillon: on the Pincian way, Pamphilus, Bassilla, Protus, Hyacinthus, Hermes; and the Gelasian Sacramentary at V kal. September.

On Poem XXXIII, On his own Sepulchre: Cyprian had written, epistle 82 of the Verona edition, that Xystus was put to death in the cemetery, and with him four deacons. So Baluze and Vignoli, from manuscript codices. Against this Fell reads, and with him Quartus; and he sets his mark upon the Martyrologies for joining several companions to the same Sixtus, namely Felix, or Felicissimus, Agapitus, Donatianus, Faustinus, Praetextatus, and others: and that reading pleased Ruinart and Castellanus also. The exact man therefore observes 422Dthat the former reading is confirmed by the testimony of Damasus, who attributes several companions to Sixtus, which argument the Bollandists also, after Baronius, used at the 6th day of August. To this opinion indeed a still greater force accrues from this, that Florentinius and Sollerius observed that there was no mention of this Quartus before Ado and Usuard. Whatever, then, is the case concerning him, what can be asserted for certain is this: that the blessed pontiff cannot, without injury, be stripped of the long-standing possession of his companions, whom, as the Leonine Sacramentary says in his Mass, he was urging on, as the sons of his teaching, to earn the same glory; although, together with that same most distinguished man, I would exclude from their number Praetextatus, who, when the other Martyrologies and Sacramentaries are inspected, 423Ais mentioned in the Martyrology of Florentinius not so as to denote some martyr, but the famous cemetery called after him, in which the memory of those Martyrs was kept. But who, and how many, were Sixtus' companions in martyrdom, the Bollandist fellows diligently inquire; and whoever consults them will have done a thing worth the labor.

The most distinguished man labors also to reach by conjecture the others whom Damasus says were buried in the same place, but, as it seems, in vain. For my part, if anyone should wish to learn this same thing from me, I would answer with Prudentius, hymn XI, On the Crowns: . . . . . . . . . . dost thou ask the several names? It is hard that I should be able to unfold them: so great peoples of the just has impious fury swallowed up!

424AOn Poem XXXII, the Epitaph of Projecta. Why Sarazani in his notes called Florus, the father of Projecta, a consul, he did not give the reason: perhaps out of Fl., which on that stone is Flavio, he made Florus, as the learned man says. But he suspects that this Florus is the man whose poem stands at the Sepulchre of St. Liberalis the martyr in Gruter, p. MCLXXI, no. 9, which he brings forward: Here rest the limbs of the holy martyr Liberalis, who once on earth was a consul in honor. Florus offered these things to the Lord, framing this hall, that, venerating the saints, he might bear away just rewards.